SIKKIM
India
Sikkim was a small independent Buddhist kingdom until the 1970s, after which it became a state of India. Buddhism still plays a vital role in the life of Sikkim (the state motto being "Conqueror of the Three Worlds," named after a protective Buddhist aspect). Sikkim, renowned as the Organic State of India, embarked on a resolution to shift towards organic farming, aiming to eliminate the use of chemicals and pesticides in its farms. Consequently, Sikkim earned the distinction of becoming the world's first organic state and received an award from the Food and Agricultural Organization in Rome, along with numerous accolades in India and abroad for its pioneering organic cultivation practices, a recognition unmatched by any other state to this day. The state shares its borders with Tibet in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim, the least populous and second smallest among Indian states, is situated in the Himalayas, known for its diverse biodiversity, encompassing alpine and subtropical climates. Moreover, it proudly hosts Kanchenjunga, the world's third-highest mountain.
Discover the captivating journey of Sikkim's development through the transformative lens of Buddhism. Explore the resplendent monasteries that grace its landscapes and delve into the wisdom shared with the world by revered Lamas, leaving an indelible mark on the spiritual and cultural tapestry of this enchanting region.
Gangtok
Gangtok, perched at an altitude of 1,650 meters, proudly holds the title of Sikkim's capital city. Its population hovers around 136,000, making it a vibrant urban center within this Himalayan state. As the heart of Sikkim's tourism scene, Gangtok often serves as the primary gateway for travelers embarking on their adventures throughout the region. MG Marg, the bustling town center and primary shopping district in Gangtok, offers a lively atmosphere with numerous activities and shops. It serves as an excellent place to recharge and gather supplies before departing from the capital.
Rumtek
Rumtek Monastery, also known as the Dharma Chakra Centre, is a prominent Tibetan Buddhist monastery located approximately 24 kilometers from the capital city of Gangtok. Its present structure, featuring traditional Tibetan architecture with ornate frescoes, intricate woodwork, and a huge shrine housing Buddha's statue, was established and inaugurated in 1966 by the great 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje. It also served his seat-in-exile in order to spread the teachings of the Buddha throughout the world. Back in days this spiritual haven served as the primary seat of the Karma Kagyu lineage and still houses significant religious artifacts. Rumtek Monastery is not only a place of pilgrimage and meditation but also a venue for hosting Buddhist festivals, attracting Sikkimese devotees and global visitors alike. Just behind the monastery complex stands the 'Karma Shri Nalanda Institute' (Shedra), built for Higher Buddhist Studies, by while opposite it houses a Golden Stupa containing the heart relics of the 16th Karmapa, making it a must-visit destination for pilgrims. The Indian Army guards its entrance, and inside, a lone monk chants prayers while recorded chanting plays on a small Walkman. The Golden Stupa can be seen through glass. Additionally, one can observe the ruins of the 16th Karmapa's private residence beside the institute building and the remnants of the bird's aviary. In the surrounding area there is original Rumtek Monastery (old Rumtek Gompa), a short distance away from the Rumtek Monastery, has recently been rebuilt with assistance from the Sikkimese government. Wangchuk Dorje, the 9th Karmapa, founded the original Rumtek monastery in 1734 with the patronage of the king, the fourth Chogyal Gyurmed Namgyal. It was then, and continues to be today, the seat of the Kagyu tradition in Sikkim.
In the neighborhood of Rumtek Monastery resides the Dorje Lopon or Vajra Master Nedo Kuchung Rinpoche (Nendo Rinpoche), a widely recognized meditation master of the Karma Kagyu Lineage. His support has greatly contributed to the flourishing activities of the Karma Kagyu Lineage in Sikkim and Internationally. He is responsible for hundreds of Kagyupa monks, providing education, traditional training according to the 900 years old lineage, and fulfilling their basic needs while in the Monastery. He is also responsible for guiding numerous Buddhist center around the world.
Tsuklakhang Royal Chapel
At the Tsuklakhang Royal Chapel, more than 100 young monks are nurtured on their journey towards advanced Nyingma Buddhist studies. These boys, many hailing from underprivileged backgrounds, receive sponsorship from the Tsuklakhang Trust, established by Chogyal Wangchuk Namgyal. The trust provides them not only with accommodation and a traditional monastic education but also supports their pursuit of higher education at Sikkim Institute of Higher Nyingma Studies. Upon their graduation, these monks and teachers find their path leading to other monasteries. Today, the Tsuklakhang Trust stands as one of Sikkim's most dedicated and esteemed charitable organizations, devoted to preserving and promoting the values of traditional monastic education.
Namgyal Institute of Tibetology
Established in 1957 by Chogyal Tashi Namgyal, the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology is a renowned center for research in Mahayana Buddhism, as well as the language and customs of Tibet. Its remarkable distinction lies in possessing one of the globe's most extensive assemblages of rare books and manuscripts concerning Mahayana Buddhism. While its initial mission was the study of Tibetan Buddhism, the institute currently boasts a global reputation for its unparalleled collection of Buddhist manuscripts and thangkas. Today, its primary emphasis has shifted towards the preservation and dissemination of Sikkimese cultural and religious heritage.
Dzongu and Hee-Gyathang Monastery
Dzongu, North Sikkim's most picturesque region, is renowned for its pristine natural beauty, lush green forests, vibrant flora and fauna, serene rivers, and opportunities for trekking, bird-watching, and immersing in the rich Lepcha culture within its tranquil atmosphere. This region is primarily inhabited by the indigenous Lepcha community, dedicated to environmental conservation and the preservation of its unique cultural heritage. Nestled in Dzongu is the Hee-Gyathang Monastery, a significant religious site showcasing traditional Tibetan Buddhist architecture and holding cultural and spiritual significance for the local community. It offers visitors a peaceful chance to explore local Buddhist traditions amidst Dzongu's serene surroundings. Although the Hee-Gyathang Monastery suffered significant damage in the 2011 earthquakes that affected the region, it stands today as a testament to the resilient community that rallied together with limited external aid to restore its walls and frescoes. Visitors can engage in conversations with locals, sharing stories about the close-knit, community-driven lives of the region's people.
Mane Choekerling Monastery Complex
The Mane Choekerling Monastery Complex includes the Karma Thekcheling Donkun Duppai Gatsal Monastery, Mani Lhakhang, and Shedra, a monastic school. Gonpas, as important Buddhist structures, have deep influence in Sikkimese life. Early Tibetan pioneers laid the foundation for Buddhism in Sikkim by constructing gonpas across the state.
The Karma Thekcheling Donkun Duppai Gatsal is a beautifully designed, three-story gonpa, made of local stone and wood is crafted by local artisans. It houses Buddhist deities, Buddha, Guru Padmasambhava, and Chenrezig.
Next to it, the Mani Lhakhang, a traditional prayer wheel hall, visited daily by pilgrims and was traditionally a place for Buddhist nuns and elderly women who recite prayers, mantras and meditate.
The Mane Choekerling Development and Management Committee aims to establish the Karma Thekcheling Donkun Duppai Gatsal as a significant center for the study of Buddhist philosophy in Sikkim, promoting Buddhist art, architecture, culture, customs, and language alongside its religious mission.
Phodang Monastery
Phodang Monastery, also known as 'Karma Thubten Tashi Chokhorling,' is a significant Kagyupa Sect Monastery with a rich history dating back to 1734 A.D. Located approximately 38 kilometers from Gangtok, this monastery holds both historical and cultural importance for tourists visiting North Sikkim.
Founded by the fourth King Gyurmed Namgyal, its construction was completed in 1740 A.D. with support from the Lamas and the local community after the passing and in honor of the 12th Karmapa.
Similar to Ralong and Zimchung in Rumtek, the main annual puja is conducted on the 28th and 29th days of the tenth month of the Tibetan Calendar, featuring religious dances. The potentially beautiful two-storey prayer hall is somewhat marred by metal gratings but contains extensive murals and a large statue of the 9th Karmapa. This monastery has been a popular pilgrimage site for Buddhist monks. Over time, the original structure suffered damage from an earthquake and was subsequently dismantled. In 1977, the Lamas initiated the reconstruction of a larger monastery.
Phodang Monastery gained international recognition through the writings of the renowned French explorer Alexander David Neel, who studied Buddhism here in 1912 under the guidance of the third Lachen Gomchen. She even practiced meditation in a nearby cave. Visitors to the monastery can see some of her photos on the first floor.
One of the highlights of visiting Phodang Monastery is the annual mask dance fair held in winter, typically in December to January, making it an excellent cultural experience for tourists.
Samdruptse
A Towering Tribute to Guru Padmasambhava on hilltop above Namchi.
The Samdruptse Statue was conceived to honor Guru Padmasambhava, a revered figure in Tibetan Buddhism. Guru Padmasambhava brought Buddhism to Tibet and is often considered a second Buddha. Over 1200 years ago, Guru Padmasambhava blessed Sikkim, earning the title of its patron saint. The statue, funded by the State Government and brought to life by His Eminence Dodrupchen Rinpoche, an important Nyingma and Dzogchen master paying homage to his enduring legacy.
Samdruptse literally means 'wish fulfilling hill' in the Bhutia language and it is surmounted by a giant statue 135 feet (41m) of Guru Padamasambhava, the tallest of its kind in the world. The statue is made of copper and gilded with gold. This dazzling exterior reflects the sunlight, creating a luminous presence that can be seen from miles away. The base of the statue has an archive with a vintage collection of photographs of Sikkim. It also has a prayer hall.
The hill's summit offers breathtaking vistas of Namchi town, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Mt. Kanchendzonga, and eastern part of Nepal. The Samdruptse Statue has become a significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists and tourists alike, drawing people from all corners of the world to experience its spiritual aura.
Tathagata Tsal, Ravangla Buddha Park
Tathagata Tsal, also known as the Buddha Park of Ravangla, is a serene and beautifully landscaped park located in Ravangla, Sikkim, India. The park is famous for its towering statue of Lord Buddha, standing at an impressive 130 feet (40 meters) tall. This majestic statue, facing east, offers panoramic views of the surrounding Himalayan mountains. Tathagata Tsal is a tranquil place for visitors to meditate, enjoy the peaceful ambiance, and take in the breathtaking vistas of Sikkim's natural beauty. The statue itself, reaching a total height of 137 feet with its pedestal, was meticulously crafted using 60 tonnes of copper and three-and-a-half kilograms of gold, employing the ancient repoussé technique. It depicts Lord Buddha in the Dharmachakra mudra, where his hands form a circle, symbolizing the Wheel of Dharma. The entire complex features notable structures, including the red-domed Congregation Hall, one of Sikkim's largest venues for religious convocations, and the Tongchoe Lhakhang, where visitors can light choemis (butter lamps) in memory of loved ones.
The Old Ralang Monastery
The Old Ralong Monastery, also known as Karma Raptenling Monastery, has a captivating story deeply rooted in the journey of King Chogyal Gyurmed Namgyal. Amidst the unrest of 16th-century Sikkim, he embarked on a pilgrimage to Tibet and met the 12th Karmapa Changchub Dorje. This story gave birth to Ralang Monastery, making it a significant and sacred place in Sikkim, as enchanting as its surroundings. Established in 1730 A.D., it is Sikkim's first Kagyu Monastery.
King Chogyal Gyurmed Namgyal, disguised as an ordinary traveler, entered Tshurphu Monastery. The 12th Karmapa Changchub Dorje, aware of the king's arrival beforehand, immediately recognized him. The Karmapa instructed his attendants to ceremonially receive the king at Tshurphu. Touched by this warm reception and the Karmapa's clairvoyance, the King expressed his wish to build a monastery in honor of Karmapa in Sikkim. The Sikkimese King sought the guidance of Karmapa on where and how to build this sacred monastery.
A month later, Karmapa sent his trusted Lama on a journey to Sikkim. He continued eastward journey from Tashiding. As Karmapa had foretold that the Lama would encounter a standing goat on the way while climbing the hill, and indeed, he came across a goat that stood upright and gazed at him. This exact encounter led to the name 'Ralang' (Ra-Goat, Long-Stand), confirming the chosen site for the Monastery as predicted by the 12th Karmapa.
The freshly built monastery was consecrated by the 12th Karmapa from Tshurphu Monastery with a grand ceremony and it is believed that the colourful rainbow arched the monastery and grains of barley fell from the sky as blessing on the new monastery. In later years, the monastery underwent reconstruction, and once again, the Karmapa appeared, this time in the form of a vulture from Tshurphu Monastery. He circled three times over Ralang Gompa, again showering grains of barley from the sky as a blessing on the monastery, an auspicious sign in Tibet.
Tashiding
Tashiding is the spiritual heart of the valley, often referred to as "The Devoted Central Glory". Its a place where history, spirituality, and stunning natural beauty harmoniously converge, inviting you to experience and envision a step away from paradise.
Sometimes referred as "Drakkar Tashiding", is the most sacred place in Sikkim, visited by Guru Rinpoche in the 8th century, and in the 14th century by the tertön Rigdzin Gödem, who established a monastery there.
In Tashiding, many great lamas from Nyingma lineages have proclaimed a 'crack' or that it holds the key to open a hidden land called 'Beyul Demazong'. The area surrounding the monastery is associated with mystical Dakini legends. It is said that there are a billion doors to the Dakini world. There are stories of yogis, Buddhist practitioners, and wanderers arriving at Tashiding hilltop, only to mysteriously disappear.
The chronicles of Lhatsün Namkha Jigmé Chenmo reveals the profound legacy that Guru Rinpoche concealed many treasure text in caves near Tashiding for the benefit of future generations of practitioners. This sacred land in West Sikkim is aptly named Beyul Demazong, signifying the "Hidden Valley of Fruits," where spiritual treasures await discovery. In the four cardinal directions around Tashiding are the four sacred caves of Guru Rinpoche.
Tashiding Monastery is perched atop an almost perfectly conical hill as seen from afar, rising between the Rathong River and the Rangit River this unique location allows it to be visible from all directions as its surrounded by taller mountains, forming a nearly 380 degree stunning panoramic view. As one walks up to the monastery, a little before reaching the top of the hill where the monastery stands, a small path branches to the left leading to a nearby Shitro cave (Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities) is the place where Guru Rinpoché is said to have first meditated in Sikkim. There is a shrine to the Mahaguru, and a rock where he left his footprint. Nearby is another cave that is said to have belonged to Yeshe Tsyogal. At the entrance is a dark reddish substance described as “dakini blood” on the stone, together with some mysterious dakini writing.
This awe-inspiring natural setting enhances the mystical allure of Tashiding in West Sikkim, making it a truly captivating destination for vistors.
Yuksom
Originally spelled Yuksam. In the middle of the 17th century, Lama Lutsum Chembo travelled southwards from Tibet with the mission of establishing a Buddhist monarchy in the hidden country of Denjong (modern-day Sikkim), meaning the valley of rice. After a long journey, he reached a place called Norbugang in 1641. There, he met Sempa Chembo and Rinzing Chembo. The three holy wise men started searching for a monarch to rule the land. They found the right candidate, named Phunstok, near Gangtok. He was the great grandson of legendary Sikkimese hero Guru Tashi. Phunstok was rushed to Norbugang. There, on a stone throne, the three Lamas crowned him the King of Sikkim.
The town is called Yuksom which literally means 'the meeting place of the three learned monks', is a charming gem on the southern border of Kanchenjunga National Park, an important tourist destination today. It is the last motorable point for the popular trek to Goechala (via Dzongri) offering a gateway to the Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserveand the base camp of Himalayan Mountaineering Institute. This makes it a year-round hub for tourists, scientists, photographers, conservationists, and naturalists from around the world, all drawn by its natural beauty and rich history. Thus the town has more to offer than a lunch point for trekkers and mountaineers. The coronation took place under a pine tree, which exists to this day at Norbugang, Just opposite the throne is a chorten (stupa), which is said to contain water and soil from all over Sikkim.
The Chogyals ruled Sikkim for 333 years, leaving a lasting legacy in its history and culture. Apart from the Throne of Norbugang the only other historic site in Yuksam is the Dubdi Monastery.
Dubdi Monastery
Dubdi Monastery, also known as Yuksam (Yuksom) Monastery, belongs to the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Established in 1701 by Chogyal Namgyal, it is considered the oldest monastery in the state. The word 'Dubdi' in the vernacular tongue means 'retreat.' The monastery is a two-story structure made of stone, boasting an elaborately painted interior. Inside, visitors can admire images and old statues of saints, dieities, Lamas, Buddha. There are two aisles where rare collections of manuscripts and religious texts are carefully preserved. The monastery holds significant historical importance as it is linked to the founding of the state at Yuksum (Yuksom) in the mid-17th century by Lhetsum Chenpo and his two associate lamas. From here, you can enjoy a magnificent bird's eye view and witness Cupressus funebris, a species of cypress brought by Latshen Chem Po from Kham village in Tibet.
One notable feature is the Kangso Lhakhang, often called 'Dubde Phagmo Lhakhang' or the Shrine of the Deity Vajra Varahi. Lama Jigmed Pawo is credited with building this shrine for the deity, believed to have spent a night at the monastery. The Statue of Dorje Phagmo, known as 'Ku Sungjon,' is revered by devotees as a Sacred Idol.
Dubdi is part of the Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving the Norbugang Chorten, Pemayangtse Monastery, the Rabdentse ruins, the Sanga Choeling Monastery, the Khecheopalri Lake, and the Tashiding Monastery.
Khecheopalri Lake
Khecheopalri Lake, often referred to as the 'Wish fulfilling Lake' or 'Holy Lake'. Of all the religiously important places in Sikkim, the serene Khecheopalri Lake is probably the prettiest. Here are some stories behind this sacred place.
In terms of its etymology, Khecheopalri consists of two distinct words: 'Kheecheo,' signifying 'Flying Yoginis,' and 'Palri,' which translates to 'Palace.' According to local beliefs, it was originally known as 'Kha-Chot-Palri,' the celestial abode of Guru Padmasambhava. The local name for the lake is 'Sho Dzo Sho,' which means 'Oh Lady, Sit Here.'
Surrounded by the warmth of the lush green alpine forest, Khecheopalri Lake is steeped in folklore with various versions. One such story suggests it represents one of the four plexus of the human body, namely, the thorax; the other three plexuses are said to be represented by Yuksom (the third eye), Tashiding (head), and Pemayangtse (the heart).
The mythological links to the origin of all the lakes in Sikkim render them sacred, and Khecheopalri Lake is no exception. The history of Guru Rinpoche giving teachings to sixty-four Yoginis at Khecheopalri Lake is a revered legend at this sacred site.
Other prominent belief holds that the lake is the dwelling place of the female deity 'Tara Jetsun Dolma,' with the lake bearing the shape of her footprint. As you hike through the forest and pass by a cave named Dupukney, often used for meditation, you will eventually reach the View Point. From there, you can enjoy a bird's-eye view of the lake, which intriguingly resembles a footprint.
Additionally, there are two more caves in the vicinity, namely Chubukney and Yukumney. Some even see the lake as representing Goddess Chho Pema.
The Lephas, who are the indigenous people of Sikkim, believe that a local Lepcha girl named Nenjo Asha Lham was blessed by the goddess of the lake and gifted precious ornaments. Another source of information regarding the lake's origin tale involves a grazing ground troubled by nettles. A Lepcha couple witnessed conch shells falling from the sky, followed by the ground shaking and spring water emerging to form the lake. According to sacred texts, this is interpreted as the abode of 'Tshomen Gyalmo,' the chief protective nymph of the Dharma, blessed by the female deity Tara. The Lepcha communities are dominant in that area, and their belief in its sacredness has led them to maintain a strong bond with the natural environment surrounding the lake, ensconced in the midst of the Khecheopalri hill, also considered sacred. The lake is surrounded by Ramam Mountain, which serves as the catchment area; the valley is also known as Ramam Valley. The lake serves as a pit stop for migratory birds during their great Himalayan journey.
A distinctive aspect of Khecheopalri Lake is its remarkable ecosystem. Despite being surrounded by dense forests, not a single leaf is seen floating on its surface. It is believed that birds in the vicinity pick up any fallen leaves, keeping the lake miraculously clean. Pilgrims often visit the lake to offer prayers in hopes of fulfilling their wishes. It holds deep significance for Buddhists, and in recent times, Hindu pilgrims have also been drawn to its shores. Visitors can often be observed performing rituals, offering prayers, and adorning the surrounding area with Tibetan prayer flags.
Khecheopalri Lake's rich legends, serene surroundings, and cultural significance make it a must visit destination in Sikkim for those seeking a deeper connection with spirituality and nature.
Pelling
Pelling is second largest tourist destination in Sikkim, following the capital, Gangtok. Travelers from various regions of India come here during the season to enjoy the wonderfully pristine and breathtaking views of the Khangchendzonga (the world’s 3rd highest mountain) and surrounding ranges. Additionally, Pelling offers convenient access to nearby tourist attractions.
Pelling is home to some of the finest monasteries in Sikkim and the world's tallest Chenrezig statue at 137 ft (42m), making it an engineering marvel. This statue is dedicated to Chenrezig, also known as Avalokiteshvara in Sanskrit, a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. According to popular Tibetan Buddhist belief, any altar is incomplete without the presence of Lord Buddha, Guru Padmasambhava, and Chenrezig statues. Apparently, it forms sort of a triangleq with two other major statues nearby, those of Tathagata Tsal (Big Buddha) in Ravangla, and Guru Padmasambhava (Rinpoche) in Samdruptse, near Namchi. The Sikkim state government is highly supportive of Buddhism and has constructed these three massive Buddhist statues to cater to Buddhist devotees and attract pilgrims to the state.
Despite its urban aspects, Pelling maintains its natural beauty with alpine vegetation and numerous waterfalls. In the winter months, Pelling is occasionally blanketed in snow. One remarkable experience in Pelling is observing the ever-changing colors of the peaks as the sun gracefully rises and sets, creating a breathtaking display of colors across the sky and mountains, all of which create indelible memories that will stay with you for a lifetime.
Pemayangtse Monastery
Founded in 1705 by Lama Lhatsun Chempo, Pemayangtse Monastery stands as one of Sikkim's oldest and most prestigious monastic institutions of Nyingmapa school of Tibetan Buddhism. The monks of this monastery are normally chosen from the Bhutias of Sikkim. Perched at the height of 2,100 meters above sea level, overlooking the beautiful sights of Rabdentse ruins.
The name 'Pemayangtse' derives its profound meaning from 'padma yang tse,' signifying the 'sublime perfect lotus.' Pemayangtse Gompa has undergone numerous refurbishments due to earthquakes, yet remains a captivating attraction. This architectural gem, constructed with three stories, adorns its walls with intricate paintings, murals and houses statues of venerated Lamas, deities and Buddhas, each enshrined on different levels.
Within the expansive main prayer hall, known as the Dukhang or Lakhang, vibrant doors and windows adorned with Tibetan designs captivate the eye. The central figure within is Guru Padmasambahva, here he is also seen in his wrathful form as Dorje Bhurpa Vjarakila with multiple heads and arms, while on the upper floor his eight manifestations can be seen.
Finally, on the top floor of the monastery, there is a seven-tiered painted wooden structure portraying Guru Rimpoche's Heavenly Palace, known as "Sanghthokpalri," also spelled "Zandog-palri." The four walls of this room are adorned with detailed paintings depicting the 84 Mahasiddhas.
The Rabdentse Ruins
Machu Picchu of India. Tucked away in the picturesque western region of Sikkim lies the remnants of a once-magnificent city. What remains of Rabdentse, regarded as Sikkim's second capital until the 19th century, are stone walls etched with memories. Perched gracefully atop a hill, this well-preserved site offers a commanding view of the mountains and valleys of West Sikkim below, adding to its timeless grandeur. While it may be a mere shadow of its former glory, Rabdentse still resonates with the grace and profound spirituality of a bygone royal city.
Rabdentse occupies a significant place in the Buddhist pilgrimage circuit. Established by Tensung Namgyal, the son of Phunstog Namgyal, Sikkim's first Chogyal, Rabdentse was the second city of the erstwhile kingdom of Sikkim for over a century. However, in the 18th century, it fell victim to destruction at the hands of the invading Gurkha army. Today, its ruins stand as silent sentinels, guarding the memory of its regal past.
The Rabdentse ruins overlook a densely forested valley, sprawling across multiple levels. Accessible via a short and scenic trek through a forest path lined with chestnut trees, the site is marked by a gateway that grants entry to this historic complex. This gateway also serves as a perfect vantage point, allowing visitors to bask in the breathtaking views of the Kanchendzonga range and the Pemayangtse Monastery.
Within the ruins, there are two distinct sections separated by stone walls. The northern wing houses remnants of the royal residence and an open quadrangle adorned with three chortens, or Buddhist shrines, where the royals once offered their prayers. Here, a remarkable 7-foot-long white marble slab is the focus of local worship, believed to have been carried to the hilltop by a single person. This spot is said to be the location of the Risum Gompa monastery. In contrast, the southern wing features a throne and is the religious complex where commoners would come to pray and seek audiences with the king.
Rabdentse is a designated heritage site by the Archaeological Survey of India, where preservation and restoration efforts help recreate its former glory.
The Sanga Choeling Monastery
It is also spelled Sange Choeling Monastery.
This monastery’s monks adhere to the Nyingma lineage, the oldest ancient school of Tibetan Buddhism. Sanga Choeling, like many monasteries in Sikkim, was built with the natural surroundings in mind. Perched on a ridge above Pelling, approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) from the Pemayangtse Monastery. The temple’s groomed courtyard is also reachable after a 4 kilometers trek through a tunnel of dense forest.
The unpretentious form of Tibetan architecture may be seen from the exterior. The Sanga Choeling Monastery houses 17th century clay idols. There are also statues of Padmasambhava, Sakyamuni, and Vajrasattava, and the walls are decorated with colorful images of Buddhist deities. At this old sacred edifice, an exquisite painting of a bhavachakra, or Wheel of Life, is a remarkable addition.
Pilgrims include the Sanga Choeling Monastery as part of their Buddhist pilgrimage circuit,
Founded in 1697 by Lama Lhatsun Chempo, 'Sangacholing' translates to the 'Island of Guhyamantra teachings.' It's believed that Guhyamantra were taught here, often mistaken as the place of 'secret spells', it got misinterpreted because of few Indian vlogger and bloggers.
On the tenth day of every Tibetan calendar month, lamas perform hymns at this monastery, with special morning and evening prayers. It should be mentioned that only the Bhutia and Lepcha groups are permitted to visit the gompa’s inner sanctuary.
The Sanga Choeling Monastery also houses a sacred 300-year-old Buddhist crematorium, which witnessed the cremation of Lhatsun Namkha Jigme upon his Parinirvana. It now serves as a public Buddhist crematorium.
Lho Khandro Sang Phug and Phur Tsa Tshu
Lho Khandro Sang Phug, also known as 'The Secret Cave of the Dakini' or 'Womb of the Dakini in the South,' lies to the south of Tashiding at a location called Sanganath. It's situated five kilometers south of Legship on the way to Reshi and Jorethang. Accessing the cave is convenient, it involves crossing a suspension bridge over the river Rangit. Locally, it's known as 'Reshi Tatopani' (hot springs). In front of the cave, there is a statue of 'Guru Rinpoche of Medicine' (The Orgyen Menla statue is a rare sight), a small monastery, and a stupa. This cave is renowned as Khandro Sang Puk 'the realm of occult Dakini'. It is believed that this sacred place grants the fulfillment of all wishes, including long life, good health, virtues, and knowledge.
The cave's height varies between two to twenty feet, extending inward for approximately eleven meters. At the end of the cave is the spot where Guru Rinpoche is said to have meditated. On the roof above, there is a deep imprint created by the Guru's hat during his meditation. Above the entrance, there is a rock believed to be the transformed body of a nun by Guru Rinpoche. It's believed that he liberated her in this manner to inspire future generations who would encounter the rock. The cave is accessed through a low tunnel, approximately ten meters in length. Inside the cave, numerous imprints left by the Guru can be found, including the "Lotus Hat that grants liberation upon seeing" and the "Pandita Hat."
After passing the gate and entering an inner patio, facing the stairs that lead up to the cave, there is a path on the left that leads to a hole. It is believed that passing through this hole will purify all your obscurations. According to oral tradition, there are also underground passages from above the cave itself that lead to another cave, Sharchog Bey Phug, known as 'The Hidden Cave in the East.'
About twenty-five meters downstream, along the riverbanks, lie rocks adorned with the indelible impressions of Guru Rinpoche's two footprints. Here, the story unfolds of how Guru Rinpoche confronted and subdued a fearsome Rakshasa (demon) and then carried the vanquished entity to the sanctuary of the cave.
In front of the cave, nestled in the river, lies Reshi's Cha-chu or 'Tatopani' hot spring (Phur Tsha Chu in Tibetan), imparting its name to this sacred site. Revered for its medicinal and spiritual benefits, it serves as a traditional winter spa where visitors and pilgrims immerse themselves for a week or more. However, access is limited to certain times of the year, adding to its mystique.
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